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The Importance of a Positive Attitude in Foreign
Language Learning and Teaching
Damián Francis
Beyond theories, myths, and beliefs about effective
approaches, methods, and techniques used to develop communicative competence in
a foreign language, attitude is a factor that must be taken into account. The
teaching of English and French is included in the curriculum of the Dominican
Republic; however, when students complete their studies, many do not develop
the expected level of competence in these languages. Besides factors such as
motivation, exposure, interaction, and methodology, attitude also determines
the success of learning a target language.
According to Oroujlou and Vahedi (2011), attitude is a
set of beliefs that individuals hold toward an object. These beliefs determine
their likes and dislikes. When it comes to foreign language teaching and
learning, attitude plays an important role in achieving the goal of
communicating ideas in the target language. Many language experts believe that
the problem of negative attitudes exists only among students; however, the fact
is that the attitudes of educators, coordinators, and school principals also influence
students' language learning.
In schools where principals have a traditional
mindset, the priority is for students to master the four subjects included in
the national standardized examination taken at the end of secondary school
(Spanish, Mathematics, Social Studies, and Science). For this reason, some
principals do little to support foreign language teachers in improving their
teaching practice. School principals are responsible for leading their schools
and ensuring that educational policies are implemented. If they have a negative
attitude toward foreign languages, it will be difficult for students to achieve
the goals established in the curriculum for English and French. Some principals
view foreign languages as merely another school subject rather than as
languages that students should develop the ability to use for listening,
speaking, reading, and writing.
When it comes to coordinators, these professionals are
responsible for helping teachers improve their instructional practice. If
coordinators have a negative attitude toward foreign language education, they
will not be able to motivate or effectively support their teachers. When a new
foreign language teacher is hired to work in a public or private school, proper
training is essential. In many cases, teachers do not teach what they are
expected to teach because there is no clear plan or well-defined goal for
developing students' communicative competence. For this to be possible, schools
need a shared philosophy and a clear vision.
In the case of students, their attitude toward
language learning is often influenced by the attitudes of their teachers.
During professional meetings, foreign language teachers frequently say that it
is difficult to develop students' communicative competence because the students
show little interest in learning. However, this lack of interest is often
related to what teachers do in the classroom to motivate students and help them
fall in love with the language, so to speak. Unfortunately, many students develop
a negative attitude toward foreign languages because their teachers fail to
consider their interests and needs, do not make their classes engaging, and,
worst of all, sometimes underestimate their students' ability to learn the
target language.
A high percentage of foreign language educators
believe that most public school students will never be able to learn the target
language because they assume that students' negative attitude is innate.
However, this is simply a myth. According to Oroujlou and Vahedi (2011), in
their study on motivation, attitude, and their influence on effective language
learning, students' negative attitudes can be changed because they are acquired
rather than innate.
Ortega (2013) explains that a negative attitude toward
language learning may arise because students perceive it as something that
lacks relevance or meaning in their lives. It is difficult to understand how,
in a developing country, students could believe that learning a foreign
language—especially English—is unimportant, considering its value for
professional development and as a means of earning a living.
From my viewpoint, students in both public and private
schools often fail in their attempts to learn a foreign language because they
develop a negative attitude resulting from a lack of motivation and inadequate
conditions for developing communicative competence. This situation is largely
the consequence of a misguided mindset held by some school principals,
coordinators, and foreign language educators.